The Yoga of Arjuna’s Dejection
Summary:
Chapter 1 of the Bhagavad Gita, titled “Arjuna Vishada Yoga” or “The Yoga of Arjuna’s Dejection,” sets the stage for the profound spiritual discourse that follows. This chapter is crucial as it introduces the main characters, the context of the battlefield, and the emotional turmoil faced by Arjuna, the Pandava prince.
The chapter begins with the blind King Dhritarashtra inquiring from his charioteer, Sanjaya, about the events on the battlefield of Kurukshetra. Sanjaya, endowed with divine vision, narrates the scene. The two armies, the Pandavas and the Kauravas, are arrayed for battle. The mighty warriors on both sides are introduced, highlighting their valor and readiness for the impending war.
As the battle is about to commence, Arjuna, a key warrior of the Pandavas, requests his charioteer, Lord Krishna, to place their chariot between the two armies. Arjuna wishes to observe those assembled for battle, eager to see who he must fight. As he surveys the battlefield, he sees his own relatives, beloved friends, and revered teachers on both sides. This sight overwhelms him with sorrow and compassion.
Arjuna’s internal conflict begins to surface. He is struck by a deep sense of despondency and moral dilemma. He questions the righteousness of the war, pondering the consequences of killing his kin and the resulting destruction of family traditions and societal order. Arjuna’s mind is clouded with grief and confusion, leading to physical symptoms of distress such as trembling, dry mouth, and a sense of helplessness.
In his state of emotional turmoil, Arjuna expresses his reluctance to fight. He argues that no good can come from this war, as it would lead to the annihilation of his family and the degradation of societal values. He fears the sin of killing his relatives and the adverse effects on future generations. Arjuna’s compassion and attachment to his family make him question the very purpose of the battle.
Arjuna’s dejection is a pivotal moment in the Bhagavad Gita. It represents the universal human experience of facing moral dilemmas and the struggle between duty and emotion. His crisis of conscience is not just about the war but also about the larger questions of life, duty, and righteousness.
The chapter concludes with Arjuna’s complete surrender to his emotions. He casts aside his bow and arrows, declaring that he will not fight. This moment of vulnerability and confusion sets the stage for the teachings of Lord Krishna in the subsequent chapters. Krishna’s role as Arjuna’s charioteer symbolizes the guiding force of divine wisdom that will help Arjuna navigate his inner conflict.
In summary, Chapter 1 of the Bhagavad Gita, “Arjuna Vishada Yoga,” introduces the epic battle of Kurukshetra and the profound moral and emotional crisis faced by Arjuna. It highlights the universal themes of duty, righteousness, and the human condition, setting the stage for the spiritual teachings that follow. Arjuna’s dejection serves as a catalyst for the dialogue between him and Krishna, which forms the core of the Bhagavad Gita’s timeless wisdom.